Agriculture & soil science.

Title -  of calcium and magnesium from irrigation water sample.  Principles - Sodium EDTA forms complex, A stronger Complex with calcium and magnesium in alkaline buffer medium of pH is 10 using EBT indicator. At the end of reaction the colour of indicator changes from wine red to blue or blueish green.  Reagents  1) Buffer solutions - Add 67.5 gm pure ammonium chloride in 570 ml concentrated ammonium Hydroxide and make up the volume to 1 litre with distilled water. 2) Erichrome black T indicators. - Weight 0.5 gram of EBT di* and 4.5 gram hydroxylamine hydrochloride(NH2oH.Hcl) and dissolved both in hundred ml of Ethylene alcohol.  3)EDTA Solution - 0.01N  Weight 2 gram disodium salt of EDTA and dissolved in distilled water and make up volume of 1 litre with distilled water. 4) Potassium ferrocyanide - Dissolve 4 gram potassium ferricyanide in hundred ml distilled water.  5) Triethanolamine - TEA Indicator reagent grade.  6) Hydroxylamine hydrochoride - NH2oH Hcl. - Dissolve 5 gram hyd

Aim - Determination of Calcium from irrigation water sample. Principle - When disodium salt of is added to water containing both calcium + magnesium is a determine separately with calcon indicator with 10% solution. Sodium EDTA forms a stronger Complex with calcium the the solution changes from Pink to blue colour. Record the volume of standard edit for calculating calcium in water.  Reagents - 1) EDTA SOLUTION (0.01N) - Weigh 2 gram versenate (disodium hydrogen EDTA) dissolve it in distilled water make up volume 1 litre.  2) Sodium hydroxide (10%) - 10 gram is NaoH dissolved in distilled water and make the volume hundred ml. 3) Calcon indicator -  Dissolve 20 ml gram of calcon in 50 ml of methanol (or ethanol).  4) Potassium ferrocyanide (K4fe(cn)6) - Dissolve 4 gm potassium ferrocyanide in hundred ml distilled water.  5) Hydroxylamine hydrochoride (NH4oH. Hcl) - Dissolved 5 gram hydroxylamine hydrochloride in hundred ml distilled water.  6) Triethanolamine - TEA indicator reagent gr

Aim  Determination of sodium from irrigation water sample.   Principle  Small amount of sodium are generally present in the best quality of irrigation water. Sodium constitutes about 50% or more of total cations of saline and sodic water.  The content of sodium maybe quite Hagi in saline water and containing relatively less amount of calcium and magnesium at Higher level of sodium it also exerts a toxic effect on the plant growth. Therfore determination of sodium in irrigation water is very important for predicting for the harmful effect On soil and crops and judging the suitability of water for irrigation.  The Determination Sodium Potassium is carried out directly with help of flame photometer using appropriate filter and standard curve prepared by taking known concentration of sodium.  Reagents - 1) Std. Sodium solutions (stock solution) - Dissolve 5.845 gram of sodium chloride(AR) in distilled water and make up the volume with 1 litre with distilled water.  This gives hundred Milli

Aim - Determination of Sulphate from irrigation water. Principle Sulphate iron are precipitate as Barium sulphate crystal of uniform size in acidic medium. Method Terbidimetric method. Reagents  1) Barium chloride ( Bacl2 . 2 H2O  crystal of  20-30) 2) conditioning reagent - Dissolve 75 gram sodium chloride in 300 ml distilled water. Add 30 ml of concentrated HCL and hundred ml 95% ethyl alcohol (or isopropyl alcohol ) and 50 ml of glycerol and mix well and makeup volume to 500ml distilled water. 3) standard sulphate solution - Dissolved 0.1479 gram of unhydrous sodium sulphate In distilled water and make up to 1000ml. This gives 100 microgram per ml (PPM) solution of sulphate. Procedure Take hundred ml water sample into 250 Ml conical flask.  Add 5 ml conditioning reagent and mix well using magnetic stirrer.                      The speed of stirring should be same for both sample and standard.  While stirring add about 0.5 gram Barium Chloride crystal all at once and continued to sti